UNIT - I 
1. INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY OF PHYSIOLOGY 
2. WATER: THE BIOLOGICAL MEDIUM AND ITS ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE 
2.1. Origin of Life in Aquatic Medium
2.2. General Properties of Water 
2.3. Physical, Chemical and Biological Factors/Properties of Water
2.4. The Hydrological Cycle
2.5. Significance of Water in Living Systems 
3. GAS EXCHANGE 
3.1. Overview of Gas Exchange 
3.2. Respiration in Aquatic Animals 
3.3. Respiration in Teleost and Elasmobranch 
3.4. Accessory Respiratory Organs in Finfish
3.5. Influence of environmental factors on oxygen consumption in fish 
3.6. Respiration in Shellfishes : Overview 
3.7. Respiratory organs and ventilation in crustaceans 
3.8. Respiratory organs and ventilation in molluscs 
3.9. Physiology of gas exchange in fish 
4. MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY.
4.1. Structure of Various Muscles 
4.2. Fish: Muscle Physiology 
4.3. Muscle types in shellfish : Overview 
4.4. Molluscan Catch Muscle 
4.5. Crustacean Muscle: Physiology
4.6. Interesting Facts of Fish Muscular System .
UNIT - II 
5. CIRCULATION 
5.1. Circulatory Physiology in Animals 
5.2. Circulatory Physiology in Primitive Vertebrates
5.3. Circulatory Physiology of Teleost & Elasmobranch 
5.4. Blood and Circulation in Fishes 
5.5. Physiology of circulation in crustaceans 
5.6. Physiology of circulation in molluscs
6. PHYSIOLOGY OF EXCRETION 
6.1 Overview of Excretory Physiology in Fishes 
6.2. Anatomy of the kidney of fishes 
6.3. Significance of Kidney in Fishes 
6.4. Excretory stratagies in fish 
6.5. Excretory Physiology of Crustaceans
6.6. Excretory Physiology of Molluscs 
7. OSMOREGULATION 
7.1. Osmoregulatory strategies in fishes 
7.2. Osmoregulation in Crustaceans 
7.3. Osmoregulation in Molluscs 
8. SENSE ORGANS
8.1. Sense Organs in FinFishes 
8.2. Sensory Organs in Crustaceans 
8.3. Sensory Organs in Molluscs 
UNIT - III
9. DIGESTIVE FISH PHYSIOLOGY 
9.1. Overview of Digestive Fish Physiology 
9.2. Digestive Fluids and Enzymes in Fishes
9.3. Digestion and Absorption in Fishes
9.4. Digestive Physiology of Shellfish 
9.5. Digestive Enzymes and Regulation in Shellfish 
10. ENERGY AND NUTRIENT STATUS OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS:
METABOLIC PATHWAYS, NITROGEN BALANCE, AND UTILIZATION 
10.1. Energy and Nutrient Status of Food 
10.2. Nitrogen Balance – Ammonia Production
10.3. Metabolism 
10.4. Energy Utilization 
UNIT - IV 
11. REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY
11.1. Overview of Reproductive Physiology
11.2. Reproductive Strategies in Fish 
11.3. Oogenisis and Oocyte Development in Fishes
11.4. Spermatogenisis in Fishes
11.5. Endocrine Regulation of Reproduction
11.6. Reproductive physiology of crustaceans
11.7. Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Regulation of Reproduction and Growth in Crustaceans 
12. ENDOCRINE GLANDS 
12.1. Endocrine System of Teleosts 
12.2. Endocrine System of Dipnoi and Elasmobranchs & Agnathas
12.3. Endocrine System of Crustaceans
12.4. Endocrine System of Molluscs 
UNIT - V 
13. STRESS PHYSIOLOGY 
13.1. Definition: Stress 
13.2. Stress related physiological changes 
13.3. Types/classification of stressors 
13.4. Stress and defense mechanism 
14. EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF FINFISH AND SHELLFISH
14.1. Temperature 
14.2. Oxygen Availability (Dissolved Oxygen – DO) 
14.3. Salinity 
14.4. pH and Water Chemistry 
14.5. Light (Photoperiod and Intensity) 
11.6. Additional Environmental Factors Affecting Physiology of Finfish and Shellfish 
11.7 Conclusion